Abstract:Abstract：OBJECTIVE To analyze the utilization equity of inpatient services of rural residents in Xinjiang in 2021 and explore the impact factors. METHODS Household survey data collected by the China National Health Development Research Center in 2021 in six primary health comprehensive pilot areas was employed. Concentration index was used to analyze the utilization equity of in⁃ patient services. Decomposing concentration index was used to measure the contribution of different factors of utilization of inpatient services inequalities. RESULTS In rural areas of Xinjiang, from the poorest to the richest, the proportions of inpatient times by each quintile were 10.02%, 19.43%, 21.68%, 19.22% and 29.65%, the proportions of the hospital days were 9.97%, 19.57%, 21.53%, 19.26% and 29.67%, respectively; the CIs of the above two indicators actually utilized were 0.159 3 and 0.159 1. The standardized utilizations of CI were 0.108 6 and 0.096 0, reflecting that the utilization of inpatient services of rural residents in Xinjiang is rela⁃ tively fair. Household income was the major impact factor of utilization equity of inpatient services. CONCLUSION The utilization of inpatient services of rural residents in Xinjiang was fundamentally fair and slightly beneficial to the high-income groups; Economic factors are the main contributors to unequal utilization of inpatient services.