Abstract:OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of primary medical institution in China under background of hierarchical diagnosis system, so as to provide references for further improving the construction of hierarchical diagnosis system. METHODS By consulting relevant literature and the data from China health and family planning statistical yearbook during 2014 to 2018, the descriptive analysis and statistical method were performed to analyze the current situation of medical service capacity of primary medical institution in China. T-test was used to compare the measurement data. RESULTS The average annual growth rate of the number of primary medical institution in China was 0.45%. The number of bed, the number of health technician, the number of equipment over 10 000 yuan, the number of patient and the number of admission in community health service center and township health center showed the increasing trend, and the utilization rate of bed were negatively growth. There were statistically significant differences in the allocation of bed, health technician and health equipment, medical service capabilities between community health service center and township health center(P＜0.05). RESULTS The result showed that the allocation of health resources in community health service center was higher than township health center. CONCLUSION Since the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis system, the service capacity of primary medical institution in China had been overall improved, but the benefit of medical services had not been significantly improved, and the residents’ medical concept was still lacking of effective guidance.