Abstract:OBJECTIVE In order to understand and analyze the factors that affect the health literacy level of primary school students, and provide a reference for further improving the level of primary school students’ health education. METHODS A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted, and a total of 1,180 students from grades 3 to 6 in 7 primary schools in a certain district of Guangzhou were selected as the research objects, and an anonymous questionnaire was used to conduct the survey. RESULTS Most students (79.22%) have a relatively high level of awareness of the importance of health care knowledge and have a positive attitude; 63.03% of the students have good mental health; the health knowledge and health behavior formation status of the two aspects of health literacy possession rate are: 80.15 % And 82.49%, the overall level is relatively good. The health literacy level of primary school students is related to different grades, different ages and different household registration characteristics. Students have a strong demand for health education courses, most students think that 1 week of health education is appropriate CONCLUSION The older the elementary school students in this study, the higher the grade, and the higher the health literacy level of the students whose household registration is urban. We should start with the government, schools, and families to improve the health literacy level of primary school students.