Abstract:Objective to investigate the cognition of early antiretroviral therapy and behavior characteristic among HIV-positive men who have sex with men, and to provide information for developing the strategies of AIDS prevention and control. Methods From January 2015 and June 2017,newly reported MSM infected with HIV were selected as research objects, total of 193 HIV-positive MSM who did not receive antiretroviral therapy（ART）participated in the study．Using self-designed questionnaire，general demographic information，awareness of AIDS knowledge，behavior characteristic，Cognition of early antiretroviral therapy, etc. Results （1） Of the 193 HIV infected MSM, the average age is（30.62±10.54）years old,67.90% of them went through college. Occupational distribution has a variety of characteristics, mainly for enterprise and public institution employees，accounting for 54.9%.The awareness rate for AIDS prevention and control knowledge was 87.00%.（2）In the last 6 months，There were 173 cases (89.60%) have sex with men of homosexual sex, and only 13.30% used condoms for each sexual behavior. 8.80% of the subjects had sexual behavior with women in the last 6 months, the proportion of condoms used for each sexual behavior was 52.90%.（3）The awareness rate for early antiretroviral therapy was only 14.50%,but most objects have an understanding of the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy,82.90% of objects knew early antiretroviral therapy could improve the survival rate of HIV ,92.70% knew that could delay the disease development，and 86.0%knew that could prevent partners from infection. Conclusion The awareness rate for early antiretroviral therapy was relatively low, we should strengthen the publicity and intervention of early antiretroviral therapy, improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients, and promote the treatment as a preventive strategy.