Abstract:This research, on the basis of TCM viscera, meridian and the Five Elements theory, is used to explore the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension through acupuncture treatment for essential hypertension. Imbalance of the viscera, main and collateral channels siltation and abnormality of qi and blood can cause fluctuation of blood pressure. Through acupuncture clinical observation, we put forward the pathogenesis hypothesis of hypertension. It is suggested that qi stagnation and blood stasis hypertension which includes the type of spleen-stomach disharmony, the type of liver-qi depression, the type of deficiency of kidney-qi, the type of syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung, and the type of flaring up of heart fire, is caused by the imbalance of the five-internal-organs system, and ischemic hypertension is caused by cerebral ischemia, viscera ischemia and peripheral ischemia. base on the dialectical elements of the correspondence between the prescription and syndromes of a disease, we adopt the design idea of "clinical-hypothesis-verification-clinical". According to the different etiology and pathogenesis, different acupuncture treatment schemes are adopted to verify the effect. On the basis of summarizing the therapeutic effect, this paper analyzes and explores the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension.