Abstract:The reimbursement policy for outpatient special diseases is an important part of China’s basic medical insurance systems. It plays a positive role in improving the actual reimbursement ratio of outpatient special diseases’ medical expenses, guiding the utilization of medical services, improving patients’ health and promoting the construction of Healthy China. At present, there is no national policy on regulating the reimbursement of outpatient special diseases in Rural Residents’ Basic Medical Insurance. There are major differences in policy objectives, policy targets, special diseases and reimbursement policies among pooling areas. There are still some problems in the management of medical services and patients and policy coordination. To regulate and improve the reimbursement policy for outpatient special diseases, it is suggested that national policy documents be developed to clearly define the key elements of this policy, conduct disease selection and related technical standards development on national or provincial level, and targeted develop the capacity of specialist services of health facilities in pooling areas.