Abstract:OBJECTIVE To compare the differences in the effectiveness of health education between the schools configured with school doctors, and study the impact of school doctors on the health literacy level of students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the promotion of school-based medical services. METHODS Using the retrospective cohort study method, the health education effect evaluation data of 391 third-grade students from 10 primary schools in Haizhu District of Guangzhou were selected to compare the differences in health literacy levels between the school doctor intervention group and the control group. RESULTS 391 students were effectively investigated, 196 in the medical intervention group and 195 in the control group. There was no significant difference in the basic health literacy levels between these two groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the health literacy levels of the intervention group and the control group were 81.96% and 79.44%, respectively (P<0.01).The rate of intervention group was higher than that of the control group. Among them, the health knowledge awareness rate of intervention group(80.77%) was higher than the control group(77.49%). The health behavior formation rate was 83.16% and 81.38%, without significant difference(P>0.05). Among these 5 major contents covered by the questionnaire, the correc answer rate of the three major contents of diet and nutrition, infectious disease prevention and control, safety and first aid was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the correct rate of answer between personal hygiene habit and physiological function health care(P>0.05). The health literacy level of 391 groups of students was 79.73%, and the correct rate of answer in the diet and nutrition, infectious disease prevention and control, personal hygiene habits, physiological function health care and safety and first aid were 93.09%, 89.51%, 76.57%, 73.50% and 70.33%. CONCLUSION The school doctors had achieved remarkable results in the health education of students, which could significantly improve the students' health literacy level and improve their health knowledge awareness. The improvement of diet and nutrition, infectious disease prevention and control, and safety and first aid are particularly prominent. The correct answer rate of physiological function health care, personal hygiene habits, safety and first aid were still at a low level. School doctors must strengthen the weak links of school health education and improve the quality of health education.