Abstract:OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zepu, Xinjiang from 2010 to 2019, and to provide the theoretical basis for further improving of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and treatment strate⁃ gies. METHODS The data of pulmonary tuberculosis reported in Zepu from 2010 to 2019 were collected from China information sys⁃ tem for disease control and prevention to statistical analysis of data using descriptive epidemiological methods. RESULTS The num⁃ ber of registered pulmonary tuberculosis patients were 9 066 in Zepu from 2010 to 2019. The ratio of male to female was 1.01 (4 545/4 521), and the occupation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was mainly farmers, accounted for 91.28%. The number of regis⁃ tered pulmonary tuberculosis patients increased with age, and the registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in winter was significantly higher than in other seasons. The registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was rising from 283.10/100 000 to 712.07/100 000 between 2010 and 2019. The chi-square test showed statistically significant differences (χ2 frequency=1 339.96, P＜ 0.01). The positive rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was descending from 53.40% to 37.45% between 2010 and 2019, the chi-square test showed statistically significant differences (χ2 frequency=102.56，P＜0.01). CONCLUSION The situation of pulmonary tu⁃ berculosis was severe in Zepu, and overall had upward trend from 2010 to 2019. The key population for pulmonary tuberculosis pre⁃ vention and treatment was farmers. The publicity of health education should be strengthened in rural areas to enhance the public’s awareness of disease prevention, so as to improve the treatment rate and detection rate of tuberculosis patients.It should strengthen the whole process of standardized treatment and management of existing pulmonary tuberculosis patients, so as to increase the suc⁃ cess rate of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis patients.