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中国初级卫生保健:2021,35(8):59-61
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2010—2020年深圳市宝安区两街道流行性感冒流行特征及预测分析
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中文摘要: 目的:描述 2010—2020 年深圳市宝安区两街道流行性感冒的流行特征,并构建时间序列 ARIMA 模型,预测 2021年流感发病趋势,为流感的防控提供科学依据。方法:采用stata15.0SE软件对数据进行整理与分析,发病率比较采用χ2 检验,并用自回归移动平均缓和模型 (ARIMA),预测2021年的流感发病趋势。结果:2010—2020年深圳市宝安区两街道流 感共5 179例病例,年均发病率为50.24/10万,2019年流感呈暴发流行 (1 380例,发病率为125.45/10万);流感的年均发病 率呈周期性,3月份发病数居多(811例,15.6%)。女性发病率(2 433例,55.38/10万)高于男性(2 756例,49.49/10万,χ2= 14.875,P<0.05);人群分类主要以工人 (1 048 例,20.20%)、托幼儿童 (958 例,18.40%) 为主;流感在各年龄均有发 病,主要集中在 0~5 岁年龄段 (1 586 例,30.60%),重点防控场所中托幼机构的发病率最高 (年均发病率 6.22/10 万,χ2= 1 210.808,P<0.05)。ARIMA模型预测显示,2021年流感发病率与2020年相比整体呈下降趋势。结论:2021年深圳市宝安 区两街道的流感发病率呈下降趋势,流感重点防控人群为工人及0~5岁儿童,建议普及流感疫苗接种,加强对工厂和托幼机 构等重点场所的流感监测及监管。
中文关键词: 流感  流行特征  ARIMA  预测
Abstract:OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Baoan District of Shenzhen from 2010 to 2020, and to construct a series model to predict the incidence trend of influenza in 2021 to provide a scientific basis for the pre⁃ vention and control of influenza. METHODS STATA 15.0SE software was used to collate and analyze the data. A χ2 test was used to compare the incidence of influenza, and the autoregressive moving average mitigation model (ARIMA) was used to predict the trend of influenza incidence in 2021. RESULT From 2010 to 2020, a total of 5 179 influenza cases were reported in two districts of Baoan District with an average annual incidence rate of 50.24/100 000. In 2019, the influenza outbreak occurred (1 380, incidence rate=125.45/100 000). The annual incidence of influenza was cyclical with the most cases occurring in March (811, 15.6%). The incidence in females was higher than that in males (2 433, 55.38/100 000 VS 2 756, 49.49/100 000, χ2=14.875, P<0.05). The main population categories were workers (1 048, 20.20%) and children (958, 18.40%). The incidence of influenza occurred in all ages, mainly in the 0~5 years old age group (1 586 cases, 30.60%), and the highest incidence was in the nurseries and kinder⁃ gartens in the key prevention and control sites (average annual incidence was 6.22/100 000, χ2=1 210.808, P<0.05). ARIMA model projections showed a downward trend in the incidence of influenza in 2021 compared to 2020 as a whole. CONCLUSION The incidence of influenza in two streets of Baoan district was decreasing in 2021. Target group of population for influenza prevention and control was workers and children aged 0~5 years. It was recommended to popularize influenza vaccination and strengthen the surveillance and supervision of influenza in factories, nurseries and kindergartens.
文章编号:3202108016     中图分类号:R183    文献标志码:
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