Abstract:Abstract: OBJECTIVE Based on policy network theory,the study constructs an analytical framework for collaborative governance between subdistrict offices and community health service centers,aiming to identify institutional bottlenecks and optimization pathways in current collaboration. METHODS A multiple case study approach was adopted.Five case regions in eastern,central,and western China,namely Wuzhong(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region),Chengdu(Sichuan),Pinggu District(Beijing),Xiamen(Fujian), and Shenzhen(Guangdong),were categorized into 3 types of collaboration:loose,close,and institutional.Combined with policy texts,a three-dimensional analytical framework comprising actors,mechanisms,and tools was constructed.RESULTS The types of collaboration evolve through 3 stages loose-close-institutionalized.The models in Xiamen and Shenzhen demonstrate exemplary effects in resource integration and resident participation.The study revealed several prominent issues,namely,the ambiguity in the delineation of rights and responsibilities,the fragmentation and information-island phenomenon in informatization development,and the absence of ell-established incentive and constraint mechanisms.CONCLUSION A four-dimensional pathway,institutional embeding,resource coupling,digital empowerment,and incentive compatibility should be promoted to advance collaborative governance from project-based cooperation to institutionalized synergy,thereby providing an optimization path for primary health governance.