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中文摘要: 摘 要：目的：了解陕西省某县级市学龄前儿童孤独症患病现况及影响因素，为当地相关卫生政策及干预措施的制定提 供依据。方法：2025年4—5月采用随机整群抽样法，选取陕西省某县级市城区及乡镇共21所幼儿园的4950名学龄前儿童， 采用克兰西自闭症行为调查量表对其进行孤独症筛查，调查影响因素，共获得有效问卷4903份。结果：4903名学龄前儿 童孤独症检出率为0.7%。不同居住地、母亲受教育水平、母亲性格、父母婚姻状况及是否为双亲照护、是否仅其他人照护、 是否存在食物不耐受对儿童孤独症检出率的影响，差异均有统计学意义(x² 值分别为7.722、8.235、14.129、104.550、6.791、 36.599 、7.772,P<0.05) 。 母亲是否存在妊娠期抑郁、妊娠期贫血、产后抑郁对其所生儿童孤独症检出率的影响，差异均 有统计学意义 (x² 值分别为6.209、9.062、15.538,P<0.05) 。 多因素分析结果显示，与母亲不存在妊娠期贫血儿童相比， 母亲妊娠期贫血儿童孤独症患病风险是其2.351倍；与母亲无产后抑郁儿童相比，母亲产后抑郁儿童孤独症患病风险是其 2.891倍。结论：该地区儿童孤独症患病现况不容忽视，儿童孤独症与多种因素存在关联，其中母亲妊娠期贫血和产后抑郁 是儿童孤独症的独立危险因素，应予以重视
Abstract:Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among preschool children in a county of Shaanxi Province and identify associated factors,provide evidence for local health policy development and intervention research.METHODS From April to May 2025,4,950 preschool children from 21 kindergartens in urban and rural areas of a county of Shaanxi Province were selected using random cluster sampling.The Clancy Autism Behavior Screening Scale was administered to screen for autism and investigate influencing factors,yielding 4,903 valid questionnaires.RESULTS The autism detection rate among 4,903 children in the region was 0.7%.The detection rates of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children varied significantly acros different residential areas,maternal education levels,maternal personality traits,parental marital status,and childcare arrangements,andall ifferences were statistically significant(x²=7.722 、8.235 、14.129 、104.550 、6.791 、36.599 、7.772,P<0.05).The effects of maternal pregnancy-related depression,pregnancy-related anemia,and postpartum depression on the detection rate of autism in their children were statistically significant(x²=6.209,9.062,15.538;P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that children with maternal gestational anemia had a 2.351-fold increased risk of autism compared to those without maternal gestational anemia.Children with maternal postpartum depression had a 2.891-fold increased risk of autism compared to those without maternal postpartum depression.CONCLUSION The current prevalence of childhood autism in the region warrants attention.Other factors are associated with childhood autism.Among these, maternal anemia during pregnancy and postpartum depression are independent risk factors for childhood autism,and are patd attention.
文章编号：3202410013 中图分类号：R749 文献标志码：
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| 作者 | 单位 |
| 杨晓娟，张亚倩，康阳阳，贺丹 |
| Author Name | Affiliation |
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