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中文摘要: 摘 要：目的：分析江苏省仪征市水痘的流行病学特征，为制定切实有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法：通过中 国疾病预防控制信息系统和江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统收集2015 — 2024年仪征市水痘病例及水痘疫苗接种史 资料，采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析。结果：2015 — 2024年仪征市共报告水痘病例4233例，无死亡病例，年均发病率为 76.36/10万。2015—2021年发病率呈上升趋势( x²=1384.743,P<0.01),2021—2024 年发病率呈下降趋势( x²=158.838, P<0.01) 。2 023年水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划后，报告发病率下降，差异有统计学意义( x² =55.782,P<0.01) 。 10 月一次 年1月为发病主高峰(2310例，占54.57%),5—7月为副高峰(944例，占22.30%)。主城区年均报告发病率(158.00/10 万)高于非主城区(32.89/10万),差异有统计学意义( x²=2582.522,P<0.01) 。 男性报告发病率(79.4/10万)高于女 性(73.20/10万),差异有统计学意义( x²=7.073,P<0.01) 。0~14 岁年龄段为高发人群(占65.51%,2773/4233),不 同年龄段发病率差异有统计学意义( x²=15186.590,P<0.01) 。 职业以学生(占49.96%)和托幼儿童(占22.89%)为 主。报告水痘暴发疫情73起、突发公共卫生事件8起，突发公共卫生事件中不同学校类型间的罹患率差异有统计学意义 (x²=102.189,P<0.01) 。2015—2024 年，首针剂次平均接种率为54.60%,第2剂次平均接种率为30.09%,两剂次接种率 均呈上升趋势( x² 值分别为1190.415、11219.186,P<0.01) 。 结论：学生为水痘高发人群，在秋冬季及春夏季交替流行。 应继续加强学校水痘疫情常规监测，并推进适龄儿童两剂次水痘疫苗的接种工作。
Abstract:Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Yizheng of Jiangsu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and control measures .METHODS Data on varicella cases and varicella vaccination histories in Yizheng from 2015 to 2024were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Jiangsu Provincial Integrated Vacination Service Management Information System.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0.RESULTS A total of 4,233 varicella cases were reported in Yizheng from 2015 to 2024,with no fatal cases,yielding an average annual incidence of 76.36/100,000.The incidence showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2021(x²=1,384.743,P<0.01),and a downward trend from 2021 to 2024(x²=158.838,P<0.01).Following the inclusion of varicella vaccine into the immunization program in 2023,the reported incidence decreased significantly(x²=55.782,P<0.01).The main peak ofincidence occurred from October to January(2,310 cases,54.57%),and a secondary peak occurred from May to July(944 cases,22.30%).The average annual reported incidence in the main urban area(158.00/100,000)was significantly higher than that in the nonurban areas(32.89/100,000)(x²=2,582.522, P<0.01).The incidence in males(79.44/100,000)was significantly higher than that in females(73.20/100,000)(x²=7.073, P<0.01).The age group of 0-14 years accounted for the majority of cases(65.51%,2,773/4,233),with statisticall significant differences across age groups(x²=15,186.590,P<0.01).The predominant occupational groups were students(49.96%)and children in nurseries and kindergartens(22.89%).A total of 73 varicella outbreaks and 8 public health emergencies were reported. Among the public health emergencies,the attack rates differed significantly across different types of schools(x²=102.189,P<0.01). From 2015to 2024,the average coverage rate for the first dose was 54.60%,and that for the second dose was 30.09%,with both showing upward trends(x²=1,190.415,11,219.186,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Students arethe high risk population for varicella,with epidemics occurring mainly during the autumnwinter transition and the spring summer transition.Routine surveillance of school based varicella outbreaks should be strengthened,and the two dose varicella vaccination program for age eligible children should be promoted.
文章编号：3202410016 中图分类号：R511.5 文献标志码：
基金项目:
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 吴春秋，顾云，焦洁，严小花 |
| Author Name | Affiliation |
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