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中国初级卫生保健:2025,39(12):72-75
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上海市青浦区中小学生和幼托儿童流行性感冒 流行特征与疾病负担情况分析
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中文摘要: 摘 要:目的:分析上海市青浦区中小学生及幼托儿童流行性感冒(简称流感)流行特征和疾病负担,为优化学校流感 防控策略提供科学依据。方法:通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集2019—2024年青浦区中小学生和幼托儿童流感病例 数据,收集和整理其中流感确诊病例随访信息。采用描述性流行病学方法分析时间、人群分布特征,计算发病率并比较差 异,分析症状持续时间、医疗费用等疾病负担情况。结果:2019—2024年青浦区累计报告学生及幼托儿童流感病例8755 例,年均发病率15.06‰。病例呈现明显冬春季流行峰分布(11月—次年1月)。小学生发病率最高(19.48‰),其次为中学 生(15.30‰)和幼托儿童(12.19‰)。流感确诊病例的发热等流感样症状持续时间为(5.94?1.76)天,住院率0.28%,并发 症发生率为1.94%,抗病毒药物使用率为82.20%,抗生素使用率为7.67%,总医疗费用为(409.22?187.13)元。结论:青浦 区中小学生和幼托儿童流感防控形势严峻,流感防控需重点关注冬春季高发期,应加强监测,并采取非药物干预等防控措施。
Abstract:Abstract:OBJECTIVEToanalyzetheepidemiologicalcharacteristicsanddiseaseburdenofinfluenzaamongprimaryand secondaryschoolstudentsandpreschoolchildreninQingpuDistrict, Shanghai, andprovidescientificevidenceforoptimizing school-basedinfluenzapreventionandcontrolstrategies.METHODSUsingtheChineseDiseasePreventionandControlInformation System,wecollectedinfluenzacasedataforprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsandpreschoolchildreninQingpuDistrictfrom 2019to2024.Itcollectedandorganizedfollow-upinformationonconfirmedinfluenzacases,analyzedtemporalandpopulation distributioncharacteristicsusingdescriptiveepidemiologicalmethods,calculatedincidenceratesandcompareddifferences,and analyzeddiseaseburdenfactorssuchassymptom durationandmedicalcosts.RESULTSFrom 2019to2024, atotalof8755 influenzacaseswerereportedamongstudentsandpreschoolchildreninQingpuDistrict,withanaverageannualincidencerateof 15.06‰.Casesshowedadistinctseasonalpeakdistributionduringthewinterandspringmonths(NovembertoJanuaryofthe followingyear).Thehighestincidenceratewasobservedamongelementaryschoolstudents(19.48‰),followedbymiddleschool students(15.30‰) andpreschoolchildren(12.19‰).Thedurationoffeverandotherinfluenza-likesymptomsinconfirmedcases was(5.94?1.76) days, withahospitalizationrateof0.28%, acomplicationrateof1.94%, anantiviraldrugusagerateof 82.20%,anantibioticusagerateof7.67%,andtotalmedicalcostsof(409.22?187.13) yuan.CONCLUSIONTheinfluenza preventionandcontrolsituationamongprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsandpreschoolchildreninQingpuDistrictissevere. Influenzapreventionandcontrolshouldfocusonthehigh-incidenceperiodsinwinterandspring,andmeasuressuchasenhanced monitoringandnon-pharmacologicalinterventionsshouldbestrengthened.
文章编号:3202410019     中图分类号:R254.5    文献标志码:
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