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中文摘要: 摘 要:目的:了解 2023 年重庆市巫山县中小学生生长发育情况和学生常见病检出情况,为提高中小学生体质健康水
平提供针对性建议。方法:收集 2023 年巫山县 50 710 名中小学健康体检结果,分析其生长发育情况和近视、超重、肥胖、
营养不良及龋齿检测结果。结果:2023 年巫山县中小学生身高、体重随着年龄增长而增长,身高、体重均值整体上低于重庆
市平均水平。学生常见病检出率由高到低依次为近视率 59.53%,龋患率 32.61%,超重率 12.45%,肥胖率 9.91%,营养不良
率 6.63%。男生近视率、龋患率均低于女生,超重率、肥胖率、营养不良率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义 ( χ 2 值分别为
131.063、47.920、126.772、236.216、214.257,P<0.05)。不同年级学生近视率、龋患率、超重率、肥胖率、营养不良率比
较,差异均有统计学意义 ( χ 2 值分别为 3 878.826、6 587.795、116.859、52.477、77.146,P<0.05)。随着学段的升高,学生
近视率、超重率呈上升趋势,龋患率、营养不良率呈下降趋势。结论:巫山县中小学生生长发育水平低于重庆市平均水平,
近视、超重、肥胖、营养不良、龋齿等学生常见病不容忽视,需要采取相应的控制措施,改善学生健康状况。
Abstract:Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the growth and development of primary and middle school students and the detection of
common diseases among students in Wushan County of Chongqing in 2023, and to provide targeted suggestions for improving the
physical health level of primary and middle school students. METHODS The physical examination results of 50 710 primary and sec⁃
ondary schools in Wushan County of Chongqing in 2023 were collected, and the growth and development status and the detection re⁃
sults of myopia, overweight, obesity, malnutrition and dental caries were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The height and weight of
primary and secondary schools in Wushan County of Chongqing increased with age in 2023, and the average height and weight were
generally lower than those in Chongqing. The detection rate of common diseases among students was 59.53 % for myopia, 32.61 %
for caries, 12.45 % for overweight, 9.91 % for obesity, and 6.63 % for malnutrition. The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of
boys, and the myopia rate showed an upward trend with the increase of the school segment, and the difference was statistically signif⁃
icant ( χ 2 =131.063,47.920,126.772,236.216,214.257,P<0.05) . The rates of overweight, obesity and malnutrition in boys
were higher than those in girls, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2 =3 878.826, 6 587.795, 116.859, 52.477,
77.146,P<0.05) . The caries rate of girls was higher than that of boys, and the caries rate of primary school students was the
highest. CONCLUSION The growth and development level of primary and middle school students in Wushan County of Chongqing is
lower than that in Chongqing. The common diseases of students such as myopia, overweight, obesity, malnutrition and dental caries
cannot be ignored. It is necessary to take corresponding control measures to improve the health status of students.
keywords: Keywords: primary and middle school students health examination growth and development common diseases
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