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中国初级卫生保健:2025,39(12):90-93
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2024年昆明市呈贡区15岁及以上居民烟草 流行监测结果分析
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中文摘要: 摘 要:目的:掌握云南省昆明市呈贡区15岁及以上居民烟草流行状况,分析其影响因素,了解呈贡区居民二手烟暴 露情况及烟草危害知晓情况,为有针对性地开展控烟工作及制定控烟策略提供科学依据。 方法:采取多阶段分层抽样的方 法,对2024年昆明市呈贡区8个街道1410名15岁及以上常住居民开展抽样调查。 结果:2024年昆明市呈贡区15岁及以上 居民现在吸烟率为31.5%,戒烟率为9.5%、复吸率为73.3%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,吸烟行为的主要影响因素是 性别、年龄及职业,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);非吸烟者二手烟一周暴露率为61.7%,二手烟暴露场所最常见的为家 庭;对吸烟可能会造成的4种疾病(中风、心脏病、肺癌、阳痿)的总体知晓率为28.1%,对二手烟可能会造成的3种疾病 (成人心脏病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌)的总体知晓率为47.0%。结论:昆明市呈贡区15岁及以上居民现在吸烟率较高, 二手烟暴露情况较为严重,烟草危害知晓水平较低,应加强控烟宣传及健康教育,推广戒烟服务,深入无烟场所建设。
Abstract:Abstract:OBJECTIVETounderstandthetobaccouseprevalenceamongResidentsaged15andaboveinChenggongDistrict, analyzeitsinfluencingfactors,assesstheexposureofresidentstosecondhandsmoke,andevaluatetheirawarenessoftheharmsof tobacco, andtoprovideascientificbasisfortargetedtobaccocontroleffortsandtheformulationoftobaccocontrolstrategies. METHODSAmulti-stagestratifiedsamplingmethodwasusedtoconductasamplingsurveyof1410permanentresidentsaged15 andabovein8streetsofthedistrict.RESULTSIn2024, thecurrentsmokingrateamongresidentsaged15andabovein ChenggongDistrictwas31.5%,thequitratewas9.5%,andtherelapseratewas73.3%.Multivariatebinarylogisticregression analysisshowedthatthemaininfluencingfactorsforsmokingbehaviorweregender, age, andoccupation, withstatistically significantdifferences(P<0.05).Theweeklysecondhandsmokeexposurerateamongnon-smokerswas61.7%,withhouseholds beingthemostcommonexposuresetting.Theoverallawarenessrateoffourdiseasespotentiallycausedbysmoking(stroke,heart disease,lungcancer,impotence)was28.1%,whiletheoverallawarenessrateofthreediseasespotentiallycausedbysecondhand smoke(heartdiseaseinadults, lungdiseaseinchildren, andlungcancerinadults)was47.0%.CONCLUSION Thecurrent smokingrateamongresidentsaged15andaboveinChenggongDistrictisrelativelyhigh,secondhandsmokeexposureissevere, andawarenessoftobacco-relatedharmsislow.Itisnecessarytostrengthentobaccocontrolpublicityandhealtheducation,promote smokingcessationservices,andadvancetheconstructionofsmoke-freeenvironments.
文章编号:3202410024     中图分类号:R193    文献标志码:
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