Abstract:Abstract: With the gradual improvement of China's mental health service system,phased progress has been made in the prevention and control of severe mental disorders(SMD).However,dual challenges remain:evolving epidemiological characteristics and the need for optimized management systems.Epidemiological data indicate a declining overall prevalence of mental disorders in China,yet the reported prevalence of SMD-predominantly schizophrenia-continues to rise.Onset is concentrated among working-age populations,with higher incidence rates observed in groups with lower education and income levels.The pathogenesis of SMD involves multidimensional bio-psycho-social interactions,with structural social inequalities further amplifying disease risks among vulnerable populations.Through policy innovations and integrated "hospital-community" management models,China has achieved key breakthroughs in SMD prevention and control:significantly shortening untreated periods and steadily improving treatment recovery rates.By 2020,the national SMD management rate reached 95.12%,with a medication adherence rate of 68.84%.Persistent challenges remain:regional disparities in mental health resource allocation persist,with western regions facing a sevenfold gap compared to eastern areas;low treatment adherence persists,primarily driven by economic burdens and stigma;and inadequate cross-departmental coordination impedes service continuity.Future efforts should focus on establishing a comprehensive SMD health service system spanning the entire life cycle,strengthening multi- departmental collaborative governance,promoting the deep integration of digital health technologies with mental health services, accelerating the decentralization of high-quality resources,and refining the full-chain service model encompassing “prevention- treatment-rehabilitation-wellness care.”These measures will provide robust support for the Healthy China initiative.