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中文摘要: 摘 要：目的：探讨浙江省余姚市中小学生身高、体重及身体质量指数(BMI) 分布特点，为制定儿童青少年健康 干预策略提供依据。方法：2023年采用普查的方法，对余姚市91646名中小学生的身高和体重进行测量。组间比较采用 Kruskal-Wallis 秩和检验，两两比较采用Wilcoxon 检验，相关性检验采用 Spearman 相关性检验，率的比较采用趋势 x² 检 验。结果：余姚市中小学生体重、身高、BMI中位数分别为42.3 kg 、151.0cm 、18.0kg/m² 。 其中，男生体重、身高、BMI中 位数分别为43.7 kg 、151.0cm 、18.2 kg/m², 均分别高于女生(41.4 kg 、151.0cm 、17.8kg/m²); 城区学生体重、身高、BMI 中位数分别为46.3 kg 、157.0cm 、18.4kg/m², 均分别高于农村学生(40.0kg 、147.0cm 、17.7 kg/m²); 本地户籍学生体重、身 高 、BMI中位数分别为43.6kg 、154.0cm 、17.9kg/m², 均分别高于外地户籍学生(42.0kg 、150.0cm 、18.1 kg/m²); 体重、身高、 BMI均随着年龄的增加逐渐增加，不同年龄组学生体重、身高、BMI比较，差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05) 。 体重、身高与年 龄相关性较高(r 值分别为0.83、0.90),BMI 与年龄相关性较低(r=0.57)。高 BMI 学生检出率为21.27%(19494/91646), 其中≥18岁组检出率最高(24.85%)。结论：余姚市儿童青少年生长发育受家庭、社会、学校等影响，应更加关注农村学生、 外地户籍学生，在中小学加强生长发育知识的健康宣教，为儿童健康成长构建良好的社会环境。
Abstract:Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution characteristics of height,weight,and body mass index(BMI)among primary and secondary school students in Yuyao of Zhejiang,providing evidence for formulating health intervention strategies for children and adolescents. METHODS In 2023,a census-based approach was used to measure the height and weight of91,646 primary and secondary school students in Yuyao.Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was employed for intergroup comparisons,Wilcoxon signed-rank test for pairwise comparisons, Spearman corelation test for corelation analysis,and trend x²test for rate comparisons.RESULTS The median values for weight,height, and BMI among Yuyao students were 42.3kg,151.0cm,and 18.0kg/m²,respectively.Among males,the median values for weight,height, and BMI were 43.7kg,151.0cm,and 18.2kg/m²,respectively,all higher than those for females(41.4kg,151.0cm,and 17.8kg/m²). Urban students had median values of 46.3kg,157.0 cm,and 18.4kg/m²for weight,height,and BMI,respectively,all higher than rural students(40.0kg,147.0cm,17.7kg/m²).The median values for weight,height,and BMI among students with local household registration were 43.6kg,154.0cm,and 17.9kg/m²,respectively,all higher than those for students with non-local household registration(42.0kg, 150.0cm,and 18.1 kg/m²).Weight,height,and BMI all increased gradually with age.Comparisons of weight,height,and BMI across diferent age groups showed statisticallysignificant differences(P<0.05)Weight and height showed high correlations with age(r=0.83,0.90), while BMI showed a lower correlation with age(r=0.57).A total of 19,494 students with high BMI were identified,representing a detection rate of 21.27%(19494/91646).The highest detection rate was observed in the≥18-year-old group(24.85%).CONCLUSION The growth and development of children and adolescents in Yuyao are influenced by family,society,and school factors.Greater attention should be paid to rural students and students with non-local household registration.Health education on growth and development knowledge should be strengthened in primary and secondary schools to foster a favorable social environment for children's healthy growth.
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